Myanmar Introduces Tax Changes

On 28 March 2014 the Myanmar Government introduced a number of important changes to Myanmar's tax regime. The Union of Myanmar Tax Law 2014 (2014 Tax Law), effective from 1 April 2014, introduced a number of changes to income tax and commercial tax rates in Myanmar.

The 2014 Tax Law amends the Income Tax Law 1974 (1974 Tax Law) (as amended from time to time) and the Commercial Tax Law (2011) (Commercial Tax Law)

Implementing and amending legislation has also been introduced to amend the Commercial Tax Law, the Stamp Act (1899) (as amended from time to time) (Stamp Act) and the Court Fees Act (1957) (as amended from time to time) (Court Fees Act).

Personal Income Tax

Personal income tax rates and income bands have been amended. The top rate of income tax has been increased from 20% to 25%. Income tax bands have also been amended. In Chapter 6 "Income" is defined to include salaries, professional fees, property, business and other sources. Under the 1974 Tax Law different categories of income were taxed at different rates of between 2% - 30%.

Monthly income of up to K2, 000,000 is now exempt from income tax. Under the 1974 Tax Law monthly income of only K500, 000 was exempt from income tax.

Pursuant to Paragraph 25 of the 2014 Tax Law the Myanmar income of non-resident foreigners will be taxed at a rate of 35%. Income tax is calculable prior to the deduction of reliefs provided under Chapter 6 and payable in foreign currency if the taxable income is earned in foreign currency.

Chapter 6 Paragraph 22 of the 2014 Tax Law contains the following schedule setting out revised income tax bands:-

Sr. No	Income schedules for assessing income tax on the remaining income after offsetting it with specified reliefs		Income tax rate
	From Kyat	To Kyat
1.	1	2,000,000	0%
2.	2,000,001	5,000,000	5%
3.	5,000,001	10,000,000	10%
4.	10,000,001	20,000,000	15%
5.	20,000,001	30,000,000	20%
6.	30,000,001	And above	25%

Pursuant to Paragraph 26 of the 2014 Tax Law income that escaped assessment will be taxed at the following rates unless its source can be determined:-

Income (Ks.)	Tax rate
0 ‐ 50,000,000	5%
50,000,001 ‐ 150,000,000	10%
150,000,001 ‐ 300,000,000	20%
300,000,001 and above	30%

Under the 1974 Tax Law income from "undisclosed sources" was taxed at a flat rate of 30%. Pursuant to Chapter 4 Paragraph 4 of the 1974 Tax Law persons purchasing immoveable property in Myanmar are required to prove the source of the funds to be used in the purchase.

Corporation Tax

Myanmar's corporate tax rate remains unchanged at 25%. Pursuant to Paragraph 32 of the 2014 Tax Law, small and medium sized enterprises are exempt from tax on annual income of up to K5, 000,000 (approximately US$5,000) in the first three years following incorporation. Corporation tax is calculable prior to the deductions of reliefs provided under Chapter 6 of the 2014 Tax Law.

Pursuant to Paragraphs 36 (a) - (d) of the 2014 Tax Law certain other forms of income, such as financial awards granted in relation to the provision of information on the trade in drugs and illicit goods; endowments conferred by the State, and charitable incomes are also exempt from tax.

Commercial Tax

Schedule 6 to the Commercial Tax Law identifies non-essential goods the import or sale of which in Myanmar attracts a higher rate of Commercial Tax than the 5% applicable to most goods.

Pursuant to 2014 Tax Law commercial tax levied on luxury teak and hardwood logs, pieces and finished products has been reduced from 50% to 25%, whereas the commercial tax levied on the sales of jade and polished precious gems has been reduced from 30% to 15%.

A number of domestically produced products, (primarily agricultural products) are exempt from commercial tax. The same products attract a commercial tax of 5% when imported into Myanmar.

Goods produced by citizen entrepreneurs or state owned enterprises

In order to encourage the competitiveness of domestically produced goods, a preferential rate of 2% - as opposed to the normal rate of 5% - is levied on the proceeds of sale of goods produced and sold by "registered citizen entrepreneurs" or businesses owned by citizen entrepreneurs or state‐owned enterprises. A registered citizen entrepreneur is a Myanmar citizen who has registered to conduct business as a natural person.

Domestic services

Domestic services attract a commercial tax of 5%. A number of key services, including but not limited to, life insurance, microfinance, health care, education, the transportation of goods, banking, customs clearance, contract manufacturing, container transport, road tolls, animal health, outbound air transport, information technology, management consultancy services and public transport are exempt from commercial tax. Under the Commercial Tax Law only certain identified services were subject to commercial tax. Pursuant to the 2014 Tax Law all commercial services attract commercial tax unless specifically exempted.

Exports

Pursuant to Chapter 5 Paragraph 14 of the 2014 Tax Law certain exports are subject to commercial tax. The taxable goods and relevant rates are as follows:-

Type of Good(s)	Tax Rate
Crude oil	5%
Natural gas	8%
Teak, hardwood logs and conversions	50%
Jade, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, diamonds and other precious stones	30%
Jewellery made from jade, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, diamonds or other precious stones	10%

Capital Gains Tax

Capital gains on the sale, exchange or otherwise transfer of fixed assets and company shares of companies participating in Myanmar's oil and natural gas sector is be subject to the following capital gains tax rates:

Net Profit	Tax Rate
Up to Ks 1 billion (approximately US$100 million)	40%
Between Ks 1 - K1.5 billion (approximately US$100 - 150 million)	45%
Over Ks 1.5 billion (approximately US$150 million)	50%

While the tax rates and bands remain unchanged the sale, exchange or transfer of asset(s) whose total value is less than 5,000,000 Kyats is exempt from tax even in circumstances where a capital gain has arisen. Pursuant to Paragraph 30 of the 2014 Tax Law tax on capital gains earned by participants in the oil and gas sector should be paid in Kyats even if the gain was realised in a foreign currency.

Stamp Duty

The Law Amending the Myanmar Stamp Act 2014 revises certain provisions set out in the Stamp Act. The most significant change is the amendment to Section 20 of the Stamp Act which relates to the taxation of foreign currency denominated documents. Previously, different tax rates were imposed depending on whether the contract was in Myanmar Kyats or a foreign currency. Pursuant to the amending legislation the tax rates stipulated in Schedule 1 to the Stamp Act apply to all contracts, irrespective of their currency.

The Stamp Duty chargeable on the transfer instruments of immoveable property located throughout Myanmar is now 5%. Previously, a higher rate of 7% applied to transfer instruments for property situated in Yangon, Mandalay or Nay Pyi Taw.

Pursuant to the revised Schedule 1 the standard rate of stamp duty on agreements has been reduced from Ks. 600 to Ks. 300 whereas the stamp duty chargeable on a company's articles of association has been reduced from Ks. 200,000 to Ks. 50,000 - Ks. 150,000, depending on the amount of a company's share capital.